Exploring the UK’s Roman heritage: must-see sites

The Roman occupation of Britain lasted nearly four centuries (43 AD – 410 AD), leaving behind a rich legacy of architecture, infrastructure, and artifacts. From ancient forts to well-preserved bathhouses, the UK is home to many must-visit Roman sites that provide a glimpse into this fascinating era. If you’re eager to explore Britain’s Roman heritage, here are some of the most significant sites to visit.

1. Hadrian’s Wall (Northern England)

One of the most iconic remnants of Roman Britain, Hadrian’s Wall stretches across northern England from the Irish Sea to the North Sea. Built on the orders of Emperor Hadrian in 122 AD, the wall marked the northern boundary of the Roman Empire.

Highlights:

• Housesteads Roman Fort – One of the best-preserved forts, featuring barracks, a hospital, and a latrine.

• Vindolanda – A fascinating archaeological site where wooden writing tablets, leather shoes, and personal letters from Roman soldiers have been uncovered.

• Birdoswald Roman Fort – Offers stunning views and extensive remains of a Roman garrison.

Hadrian’s Wall Path is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a popular route for hikers looking to explore Roman history on foot.

2. Roman Baths (Bath, Somerset)

No exploration of Roman Britain is complete without visiting the Roman Baths in the city of Bath. Constructed in the 1st century AD, these baths were a central part of Roman social and religious life.

Why Visit?

• Walk among well-preserved Roman bathing pools and saunas.

• Discover ancient artifacts, including curse tablets and Roman coins.

• Visit the Pump Room and experience the same mineral-rich waters that Romans once enjoyed.

While modern visitors cannot bathe in the historic Roman Baths, you can experience the same thermal waters at the nearby Thermae Bath Spa.

3. Fishbourne Roman Palace (West Sussex)

Discovered in 1960, Fishbourne Roman Palace is Britain’s largest known Roman residence. Dating back to 75 AD, it was likely home to a high-ranking Roman official.

Must-See Features:

• Intricate mosaics, including the famous Dolphin Mosaic.

• Beautifully reconstructed Roman gardens.

• An impressive collection of artifacts providing insight into Roman luxury and daily life.

4. Caerleon Roman Fortress & Baths (Wales)

Located in South Wales, the Caerleon Roman Fortress (Isca Augusta) was one of only three permanent Roman military bases in Britain. It was home to 5,000 legionnaires and offers a glimpse into Roman military life.

Top Attractions:

• One of the best-preserved Roman amphitheaters in Britain.

• Remains of Roman barracks, offering insights into soldier life.

• The Roman Baths, once used by soldiers for relaxation and socializing.

5. Chester Roman Amphitheatre (Cheshire)

The Chester Roman Amphitheatre is the largest known amphitheater in Britain, once used for gladiatorial contests, military training, and public events.

Why Visit?

• Stand in the remains of Britain’s largest Roman amphitheater.

• Explore the adjacent Roman Gardens, featuring reconstructed columns and artifacts.

• Visit the Deva Roman Experience, an interactive museum showcasing Roman life in Chester.

6. London’s Roman Legacy: The London Mithraeum & Roman Wall

Modern London is built upon Roman foundations, and several Roman sites still survive in the capital today.

Key Sites:

• London Mithraeum – A reconstructed Roman temple dedicated to Mithras, discovered beneath the city’s streets.

• The Roman Wall – Sections of London’s original Roman defensive wall can still be seen near the Tower of London and Museum of London.

• Billingsgate Roman House & Baths – A hidden Roman bathhouse discovered beneath modern London.

7. Verulamium (St Albans, Hertfordshire)

Once a major Roman city, Verulamium (modern-day St Albans) was one of the most important settlements in Roman Britain.

Things to See:

• Impressive Roman walls and a mosaic-adorned hypocaust.

• Verulamium Museum, showcasing daily life in Roman Britain.

• St Albans Roman Theatre, one of the few surviving Roman theatres in the UK.

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